ZHANG Tianhan;WU Junfei;ZHOU Xing;YANG Bin;HONG Jianjun;YU Miao;DAI Yile;

• 1:State Grid Quzhou Power Supply Company
• 2:College of Electrical Engineering
• 3: Zhejiang University

Abstract：

The increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaic(PV) systems in low-voltage distribution areas has led to growing voltage violations due to source-load mismatch and inadequate reactive power support. To address this, a voltage regulation method for active power reserve-based grid-forming(GFM) photovoltaic(PV) inverters is proposed. In the grid-forming virtual synchronous generator(VSG) inverter control framework, multiple modes such as maximum power tracking/active power reserve, reactive power adaptive voltage regulation/reactive power locking are introduced, forming a coordinated voltage regulation logic with “reactive power regulation prioritized and flexible active power as backup”. A small-signal model is established using the state-space method to identify the dominant poles and provide parameter tuning criteria. The symmetrical component method is used to construct the positive and negative sequence output impedance, and the impedance ratio criterion is applied to evaluate grid connection stability. A fine-tuned model of a typical voltage violation area is built on the Simulink platform, and the proposed control strategy is integrated for simulation verification. The results show that this strategy can quickly release the voltage regulation margin in the early stage of voltage violation, effectively implement flexible active and reactive power adaptive coordinated voltage regulation, suppress voltage rise at the grid connection point, and provide voltage and frequency support. It is suitable for both existing and new distribution areas.

Key Words： active power reserve;VSG;grid-forming photovoltaic;voltage violation control

Abstract:

Keywords:

Foundation: 智能电网国家科技重大专项（2025ZD0806800）;; 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（521163250004）

Authors: ZHANG Tianhan;WU Junfei;ZHOU Xing;YANG Bin;HONG Jianjun;YU Miao;DAI Yile;

DOI: 10.19585/j.zjdl.202603005

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